In fact, they could just as likely be the result of spontaneous and
local variations within a given population grouping. In contrast,
recent anthropological research is putting less emphasis on bone
measurement and shape and, instead, is turning increasingly to
technical analysis particularly through the examination of blood
types.
Making and using tools are what differentiate man from
animals. The earliest tools which have survived the wear of time
were made of stone. As man's techniques of handling stone
improved, so did his tools. The hand axe, a large oval of chipped
flint varying in size and weight, came into common usage about
half a millon years ago, and it has been found in much of Europe,
Asia, and Africa. This too seems to have had an African origin.
While scholars are not certain about its use, it was probably used
for killing animals and for chopping meat.
The first achievement which radically altered man's condition
was the invention of tools. The second achievement was his
learning of primitive agriculture which transformed the hunter into
the farmer.
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