The union failed to come to his aid, and
thereafter he distrusted labor organizations as a source of help
for his people.
He then traveled extensively around Central and South America,
staying briefly in several large cities and supporting himself by
his trade. Wherever he went, he found blacks being persecuted and
mistreated. In 1912 he crossed the Atlantic and spent some time
in London. There he met large numbers of Africans and became
interested in their plight as well. While he was there, he was
influenced by a Negro Egyptian author named Duse Mohammed Ali.
His ideas further intensified Garvey's interest in Africa. At the
same time, Garvey read Booker T. Washington's "Up From Slavery"
and was impressed with his philosophy of self-help and moral
uplift.
By this time, Garvey had become aware that black people were
persecuted all around the world:in the West Indies, in Central
America, in South America, in the United States, and even in
Africa, their homeland. When he returned to Jamaica, he
determined to establish an organization to work for the
improvement of the conditions of black people the world over.
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