Although Randolph was not able to achieve his dream of mass
mobilization, he did display considerable organizational ability.
In part, his ideas have been put into effect by subsequent
groups, and his philosophy was similar to that which became
popular in the 1960s. The whole civil rights movement bore a
marked resemblance to his philosophy, and undoubtedly it drew
considerable motivation from it. The idea of an all-black mass
organization, with a vast network of local action groups
participating in it, is still alive. He had envisioned a grass-
roots black power movement a quarter of a century before it
became popular. Although dozens of such groups have sprung up
across the country, they still lack the kind of mass mobilization
and national coordination which he had planned. His was to have
been a militant, all-black movement without its becoming anti-
white. It was to teach self-reliance to the Afro-American
community. Local control and power were to be used to achieve
freedom and civil rights within a genuinely biracial society.
Chapter 9
The New Negro
Immigration and Migration
During the nineteenth century, the American racial dilemma had
appeared to be a regional problem.
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