This resulted in a
crippling psychological effect on his ability to learn by
undermining his self-confidence and motivation. Therefore,
segregation with the sanction of law deprived the child of equal
education, and the Court concluded that it was a violation of the
"equal-protection" clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
Southern whites were outraged, and they dubbed May 17 as
"Black Monday." Ninety Southern Congressmen issued the
"Southern Manifesto" condemning the Court decision as a
usurpation of state powers. They said that the Court, instead of
interpreting the law, was trying to legislate. Southern states
resurrected the old doctrine of interposition which they had used
against the Federal Government preceding the Civil War. Several
state legislatures passed resolutions stating that the Federal
Government did not have the power to prohibit segregation. Other
Southerners resorted to a whole battery of tactics. The Ku Klux
Klan was revived along with a host of new groups such as the
National Association for the Advancement of White People. The
White Citizens' councils spearheaded the resistance movement.
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